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DisprovedChanged2011

Tongue rolling is a simple dominant trait

The old claim turned out to be wrong and was rejected by evidence.

TaughtRolling your tongue is controlled by a single gene. Take a class survey, fill in the Punnett square, find out who is dominant.

NowIt is not a single-gene trait. Identical twins frequently differ, and people can learn to do it. The geneticist who proposed it publicly retracted the claim in 1975.

What actually happened

Alfred Sturtevant, a genuinely great geneticist, suggested in 1940 that tongue rolling was a simple Mendelian trait. By 1952 Philip Matlock had found identical twin pairs where one twin could roll and the other could not, which is fatal for a single-gene explanation since identical twins share their genes. Sturtevant himself wrote in 1965 that he was embarrassed to see it still in textbooks, and formally retracted it.

It stayed in textbooks anyway for another fifty years, because it makes a wonderfully convenient classroom exercise. The same is true of most of the classic "genetics lab" traits: attached earlobes, widow's peak, hitchhiker's thumb, cleft chin, and PTC tasting are all either polygenic or far messier than the tidy dominant/recessive story. A 2017 genome-wide association study of earlobe attachment identified at least 49 contributing genetic variants. If a teacher used your family to demonstrate inheritance with these traits, the demonstration was charming and the genetics were fictional.

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Sources

  1. University of Utah: Genetic Science Learning Center: observable human characteristicslearn.genetics.utah.edu
  2. American Journal of Human Genetics: Genome-wide association study of earlobe attachment (Shaffer et al., 2017)cell.com

Who was taught this

Still standard through 2018, so anyone who finished school between 1950 and 2011 learned the earlier version.