Continental drift is an interesting but unproven theory
An old model or guideline was retired in favor of a new one.
TaughtAlfred Wegener noticed the continents fit together like a jigsaw, but he could not explain how they moved, so the idea remains speculative and most geologists reject it.
NowPlate tectonics is the unifying framework of the earth sciences, settled by 1968. GPS now measures plate motion directly, in real time, to millimeter precision. The Atlantic widens about 2.5 centimeters a year, roughly the rate your fingernails grow.
What actually happened
Wegener published in 1912 and was ridiculed, in some cases viciously, for decades. His evidence was good, matching coastlines, matching fossils like Mesosaurus split across two continents, matching rock strata and glacial deposits, but his proposed mechanism, continents ploughing through ocean crust, was physically impossible, and that was enough for geologists to dismiss the whole package. He died on the Greenland ice in 1930 with the field against him.
The ocean floor vindicated him. Post-war mapping revealed the mid-ocean ridges. Harry Hess proposed seafloor spreading in 1962. Then Vine, Matthews, and Morley found the decisive evidence: magnetic stripes on the seafloor, symmetrical on either side of the ridges, recording reversals of Earth's magnetic field like a tape recorder running in both directions from the center. Jason Morgan and Dan McKenzie assembled the full plate model in 1967 and 1968.
This is on the list because of the timing. If you graduated before roughly 1970, you may genuinely have been taught drift as a fringe curiosity, and the revolution happened after you left. Wegener was right about the observation and wrong about the mechanism, and the field punished him for the second while ignoring the first.
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Sources
- USGS: Understanding Plate Motionspubs.usgs.gov
- Encyclopaedia Britannica: Plate Tectonicsbritannica.com
Who was taught this
Still standard through 1970, so anyone who finished school between 1950 and 1968 learned the earlier version.